Hello everyone,I’m currently working on PCB design and want to ensure proper EMI/EMC compliance from the very first prototype. I’m looking for practical guidelines, checklists, or any resources that can help me avoid common EMI/EMC issues during layout and design.If anyone can share their experience, documents, or learning materials, it would be a great help. I truly appreciate any guidance from the community.

you may need to be more specific e.g. what kind of circuit will be on the PCB (microcontroller, high speed, RF, Radio, switching power supply, ....). I have done videos on some topics, for example like these: https://www.youtube.com/@RobertFeranec/search?query=emc

Thank you, Robert.To be more specific, my PCB includes:A BLE moduleA Wi-Fi moduleA buzzer driver ICOne Flash ICTVOC and CO sensorsAnd a BGA-packaged microcontrollerThis is my first time working with a BGA, and it's a big challenge for me. I’m especially concerned about EMI/EMC compliance, and how to properly route signals from the BGA. Since I need to use thin tracks to escape the BGA pads, I’m also worried that longer trace lengths might cause signal integrity or EMI issues — especially with high-speed or sensitive lines.Also, I’m trying to learn the basics of EMI/EMC design — like what key principles I should keep in mind while designing the PCB, so I can do it properly from the very beginning. If you could suggest fundamental resources, design rules, or learning paths, that would be a huge help.Thanks again for your support!

EMC is not just the board, it is the system / machine / full product. This includes wiring, enclosure, power supply, etc.It also not just the layout of the board, but the components themselves can cause problems.

You're absolutely right — EMC is a system-level concern, not just about the PCB. It includes the entire product: wiring, enclosure, power supply, and even the components used. I really want to learn and understand EMC thoroughly — how each part of the system can impact it, and what best practices I should follow during design. I'm very interested in gaining practical, real-world knowledge about this so that I can design more robust, EMC-compliant products from the start.If you have any suggestions, resources, or guidance, I’d be truly grateful!

There are many tiny things that make a board scream EMI.Not everything can be learned/found by reading or watching tutorials. Some you just have to experience.All the basics will be in the video list Robert already mentioned.

if you use at least 4 layer PCB, with solid GND plane and route your tracks with 50 OHMS, the PCB signals of this board should not make EMC problems. If you are not sure about EMC I highly recommend don't use 2 layer PCB. Also, if you have any switching power supplies, be sure you place components close and use short connections.

Hello Robert,My name is William and I'm an entry level electronic designer currently working for a small company in BC, Canada. I'm wondering if you would know where I can find a full walkthrough tutorial to follow along from start to finish to design a 6 to 8 layer high speed FGPA/SoC board, just like your ESP32 course on Youtube.The reason I'm asking is because I would like to become familiar with both Altium software plus gaining the experience from the industry regarding the high speed design perspective. I bought Phil's course from your website hoping that it would let me follow along to design the board from the ground up, learning how to route differential pairs and perform serpentine routing for length matching as well as many other critical things that I need to be aware of. However, that was not the case once I started the course.I understand something like that is difficult to come by as it would take a lot of time and effort to put it together but I'm wondering if such an option is available.Thank you for your time,William

FPGA is high end design work to begin with

also by its nature it is VERY case dependent

in a way it is like learning how to cook only useing a textbook. to really learn u need to make some real stuff

i am not sure what you expect, a grimoare for PCB design?

Thanks for your reply. Guess I will have to try it out on my own. I get it that I need to try to do things on my own but I am not familiar with several things: The tool (Alitum itself, which I am still trying to get used to), how to create differential pairs and then how to click somewhere on this Altium tool to create the serpentine traces, how to use this tool (Altium again) to ... oh wait a minute, I guess I just need to combine different tutorials to get to where I want to be. It will take time but I guess I just have to do it that way. What I really hope for is one single tutorial that shows me how to lay out this high speed PCB board using the FBGA/SoC BGA type chip with the fancy fanout routing, which itself is a very complicated thing to learn just by watching someone's Youtube video for about 30mins hoping I will be able to pull off the same outcome... Sorry I'm just trying to make it convenient for myself as I am too lazy to learn it slowly by trial and error.

I created advanced PCB Layout course to cover the important peripherals: https://fedevel.com/courses/advanced-pcb-layout-course

I have not created step by step tutorial as it takes hundreds of hours to design these more complex boards and this kind of course would be boring and long.

the more high end some stuff gets the longer it takes

like if u have 4 DDR chips and u have to length math all signals it gets boring after a few traces , then o wait 80% in u realise it cant be done so u are back to the start

@Robert Feranec Thank you. I've been following your footstep for a while now and learned so much from your teaching. Yesterday, I just remembered the open source board iMX6 you posted a while back and starting looking into it. Then I realized you have introduced this exact course that I need. I just need to convince my company to pay for it 😁 . Thank you for being an awesome teacher Robert.

@Sniper2 lol thanks for your PTSD and I do need to hear that lol. Nope I completely understand your point of view. Problem is that when you have limited exposure and you are given so much to learn while lacking that basics... for me it feels so overwhelmed and discouraging to try to start doing it on my own... I do make myself a firm promise to really work my way through this PCB design and layout challenge little by little to get there slowly. And that will take like... 5 years perhaps to be decent at it... not great but decent... At work currently when I am being asked to review someone else's PCB layout, I have absolutely no idea where to start and what to look for in order to give meaningful comments... It really sucks and I don't like it... Other more senior engineers suggested that I read this IEC 62368 document to learn about creepage distance and spacing and I gotta tell ya... it is so boring... important but boring... But I have to keep trying and that's how it goes.

that doc is like a table so u can get it on a page

I see that 62368 also has a reference to IEC 60664. I know that 60664 is a standard on creepage and clearance, so I wonder how much of it is actually in 62368.

@QDrives I'm very new to this stuff so I cannot answer this question. Awhile back I found this Youtube video with clear explanation on this very topic. Not sure if it would be helpful for you but here it is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Vhb60wnW3U&t=400s

Found a copy and IEC 62368 does have the clearance and creepage details in it.

I am working in product based company that I need xilinx zynq ultrascale board testing functionalities and peripherals interfacing like i2c ps side or pl side etc

I want to learn all xilinx zynq ultrascale board bring up and peripherals interfacing

Do you mean software or hardware? i have done some videos about FPGA, maybe it will help: https://youtu.be/C-RtLnagFuQ

How to interface Temperature sensor (LM75BIM-3+) to I2c on pl side for xilinx zynq ultrascale board

How write the temperature sensor driver in system-user.dtsi file and any configurations required on petalinux side

I provided this link in your other post: https://youtu.be/eQQRoY0J12M

Hello, we are big fans of the YouTube channel here in UC San Diego and decided to join the discord link in the description. I was watching this video: https://youtu.be/78tkdc6Lq_8?feature=sharedessentially I am trying to send and receive udp packets through Ethernet on a PYNQ Z1/Z2 board. Yet I got completely lost when it came to mapping the external pins to the ones in the xdc constraints file. (I did not know the PYNQ Z1 the Realtek PHY is wired directly to the Zynq PS Ethernet). Any tips on how to adjust this tutorial to work with a PYNQ Z1/Z2 board? I am very desperate for ideas so anything helps. (we are very new to FPGA development)

Hi everyone! Any update on this would be greatly appreciated 🙂

did you watch also my other videos about FPGAs? maybe they can help

Hello, good morning.I would like some guidance on how to design a PCB that includes a USB-C connector and an FT32-to-JTAG converter. I’ve seen that an EEPROM needs to be added for the converter to work properly. Is that EEPROM already included with the converter, or does it need to be purchased separately?Thank you very much. I'm open to any advice or suggestions you can offer. Best regards to everyone.

I assume you mean a FT232... from FTDI inc?For example the FT232H -- the EEPROM is external to the interface IC.

If exact I mean ftdi inc.  So the Eeprom should be bought apart? Or it comes when you buy only the FT232H

The FT232H and EEPROM are **2** different components. And you buy them separately.

Hello all. I want to design and simulate a complete FPGA pcb board using Altium Designer. All its parts and sections. Power sections, Audio, video, ethernet, flash, DDR, ADC, DAC, sensors, all Analog and Digital sections, all digital and analog high speed sections and so on...Then validate thier SI and PI using Hyperlynx and ANSYS.From where should i start ? What FEDEVEL's courses should i attend ?Thank you

Have you ever try to run some simulations for complex boards? Normally, you don't simulate everything - some things can't be simulated, some may not be necessary to simulate (e.g. setting up simulation is more complicated than running a functional test), some you may want to simulate ... but generally speaking for digital boards you simulate only some interfaces or signals and usually only if they are super fast or if you have to break many design recommendations or you are designing something completely new. Many times it may be much faster and cheaper to build the boards and test them rather then trying to simulate everything. I would recommend to have a look at some videos about simulations to get feeling what can be simulated and how it is done .. that will help you to understand the capabilities of simulators. You can start here https://youtu.be/4Jp0mEdlXe4?si=AzFIulR8slndzSfM

https://youtu.be/-t25gJIDQNo?si=YPO5kmZyv-nRWAM3

https://youtu.be/vzqZm2IFn6Y?si=oZp6I5PrxqARYbkH

https://youtu.be/p6vx34jhTtI?si=-y2go5q0L1gHkSi9

Thank you very much Mr. Feranec.Mostly i want to design DDR3 layout of ZYNQ FPGA using Altium and then Hyperlynx to chech if its SI and PI are Ok or not. Which of your videos shoulf i watch ?Thank you dear Robert ❤

For SI and PI there are many videos with Eric Bogatin and Steven Sandler to give you lots of information.

How Can i use Active Routing in Altium 24.7 ? Tips pleaseThank you in advance

I have never used it. I have not seen any useful autorouter yet. If anyone has any tips, let me know.

Thanks Robert, but i didn't mean AUTO ROUT.I meant ACTIVE ROUT.Thank you again Mr. Feranec

I have never tried that as I am expecting similar results, but I may be wrong.

Thanks a lot Mr. Feranec. As you know, DDR3 routing is a time consuming process, Is there any way to rout DDR3 as quickly as possible ?

Hello Mr. Feranec. How can i select the right Vias for DDR3 pcb layout ? I mean how do i know their Delays and Impedances ? Is there any tool in Altium to do it, like controlled impedance for traces. Or i should other software or employing try and error approach ?Thanks a lot

Hello Mr. Feranec. Which Pins can i swapp of DDR3 and ZYNQ 7000 ?THANKS A LOT

If you mean which pins you can swap in the DDR3 interface for the Zynq-7000, you can change bits within a single byte lane (0-7, 8-15, etc.). You can also swap entire byte lanes with each other. However, be careful when swapping byte lanes, as you'll also need to swap the corresponding DQS and DM signals.

Hello please could any please share with me a schematic diagram for on press and short press button only by using button Chip. If you have a reference it will do. So no MCU in the design only the button chip

sounds like an interview take-home design question

hahaha it is not an interview.It is a project that need fast result :). So there is no GPIO pin space left in the  MCU.  The MCU  is a STM32 F serries. With only a press the device comes on normally putting a low on boot 0 pin but with 3 seconds hold press  on the button, the device goes into DFU boot mode. by putting boot 0 pin high so the device comes on to a DFU. I know I need a kind of chip for this kind of button press but I need more information and schematic to design a functioning circuit. Thanks 🙂

If you have an ADC available on the MCU you could use a capacitor charging circuit attached to the button, by picking a threshold voltage for the ADC and calculating the capacitor charge time

Wanted to design a 13 bit cpu Can any one share the resources for the cpu designing.. #cpudesign

some time ago I created this video, may help https://youtu.be/EeHK3Jbgv2s

Hello, I am currently designing an FPGA module that has a 5CGXFC5C6F23I7N FPGA and one IS43LD32320C-25BLI LPDDR2 memory.I wanted to change some DQ bits in the group (for example, in DQ [7:0] change DQ4 with DQ6), but Quartus didn't want to compile the project and the compilation was only successful if nothing was changed (DQ[15:0] was connected to DQ[15:0]) Is there any chance that this FPGA does not support bit swapping?

ok, nevermind, I think I got it. Quartus needs normal pinout without swapping but I can swap it on the RAM side. Idk why its a problem for quartus but I think I fixed it.

I have started to design an FPGA board and as first step I am trying to create the schematic for the XC6SLX9-2CPG196C chip. I would like to do it in separate banks. I have created a schematic library for each bank, but I do not know how to combine these banks in one single footprint.Any help would be appreciated. If the question is unclear feel free to DM me to discuss.Thanks.

For example, when I add these separate libraries to my Schematic and import the changes to PCB, I am seeing one chip for each library. Which is actually what I was expected. However, I do not know how to combine them.

I think what you mean is that you want to create a multi part symbol.https://resources.altium.com/p/your-altium-library-multiple-part-symbols-ease-your-design-time

Was just about to answer same. Yes excatly, you mean problably multi part symbol.

I also have tried that solution. However, this time when I drag the Multiple Part Component from the component library, only the Part A is shown. I can not reach the other parts.

Oh okay. I found it now. When a multiple part component is selected, its parts can be reached from the models section below.

Thank you for your help @Mini , @QDrives . Wishing you a good day. 👋

Also, dont forget to give it the same reference designator .... U1A U1B U1C ... means they are all U1 component

Yes the main designator is set as U1 and Altium automatically adds the part name to the component. So, Part A comes as U1A. Thanks @Robert Feranec

Hi @Robert Feranec I am a pcb layout engineer and I have a question, can I give a polygon in between the two PCIe4.0 differential line? Because I cannot find any answer over the internet. I followed most of the layout guidelines of the PCIe4.0. And I have lots of space on the board to give ground polygons.

Do you mean to place copper (polygon) between two differential pairs?Yes, if you add sufficient stiching vias. Do note, that the impedance my change a bit due to the additional copper.And do not forget about copper balancing.

The thing is For PCIe4.0 5W clearance is required and the board is of 24 layers so I have plenty of space in other layers majorly on differential routing.

Yes and those differential pairs have 8 GHz of signal speed as per the PCIe4.0

I forgot to mention that Robert made a video with Eric Bogatin, but I do not know exactly which one. Perhaps this one:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U60y4JC0Wxs

Thanks I hope this works, and also it will provide copper balancing in my pcb

So this series was a nice cheap one but it is still viable this year or is it just not practical since it is sort of old?Also i did not design the daughter board yet not wrote toe Verilog , would writing that down first help with /ic selection? my design is not that complex and i only need to output like 4 precise PWMs and maybe a serial + some I2C/SPI data to be read from the motherboard ADCs....?Is there another series i should look into that is sort of beginner friendly wit free dev tools?

ICE40 FPGA is definitely good place to start even in 2024. What series, daugther board you are talking?

i was thinking of the olimex board and the motherbard will be my design

What olimex board? What are you tring to achieve?

since i want to use the FPGA as a controller, and compare with a few MCU maybe

Im pretty sure you don't need FPGA for that.

i am considering buing this: https://www.olimex.com/Products/FPGA/iCE40/iCE40HX1K-EVB/open-source-hardware

well it is more like to compare how it done not in be woth in $ then again ice40 is MCU lvl cheap

like c++ vs verilog up to a point would be a nice thing to try

then again i am studding dual active bridges and i am not sure what would be easyer to implement since i didnt not find much about actual compensation and controll input frequncy

I don't know about the board, but it's definitely cheap. I personally don't like the design.

Was wondering about the verilog part. Usually Europe seems to use VHDL.

well my skills are basic at best and i have a few friends with work with verilog so i can ask there

Anyway if you are looking information about FPGA visit "nandland.com". He has a lot of information about FPGA in verilog and VHDL. He has his own development board and he is using ICE40k as well. A lot of projects there. He also recently published whole book about FPGA.

a low of PWM sincronised on a MCU seems scary to code so that is why i am considering a cheap FPGA

i know that nandland i saw some tutorials and it was manageble, that is why i am considering this chip and verilog

and well ultimately i want to integrate all in a single PCB but untill then with aproach where i can switch the controller is ok since i am not sure how well stuff will work with the MCUs +no scope at home so haveing the digital logic signals on display on a fpga virtual test bench will help a lot

I don't see a reason why you can't do that with MCU, you can output PWM with MCU as well. But you can always try with FPGA.

well phase shifting them seems hard atm ( only at HW design stage) also i am not sure i can get good enough resolution at 100-500kz

hello , can someone explain to me what's the meaninge of "routing signals with FPGA"  with multiplexrs for exemple.

i think it meand using an FPGA as a MUX. so you have input signals on it and output signals on it, lets say 8x8 then you have the possebility to create any input/output path connection.

Hi @karimoviç , FPGA as a device is different than Microprocessor or Microcontrollers. Essentially it is a blank white board and you can create any logic that you want inside and FPGA. "Routing signals with FPGA" without the context can have various meaning out of which one is highlighted by @Paul van Avesaath But in FPGA when ever you design a logic you actually route a signal physically like all the parameters that are associated with a physical copper trace apply to the FPGA routing and all the signal delays must be accounted for... So "Routing" in FPGA means Routing in its literal sense.. Thank you.

For "routing signals through FPGA", I would rather recommend to use a CPLD (FPGA usually has to be loaded after start, CPLD is programmed and then works). This technique is usually used for something where you would otherwise need many Gates or Logic chips to get the behavior you need (and very often it is used to generate chipselect). Also, if you use CPLD (instead of doing it through chips and routing) you can re-program the behavior - eg. in case you make a mistake, you can change it (that would be hard if you would chips and route it on PCB - you would need a new board version, with CPLD you just update the firmware).

The OP needs to provide more details. Routing within FPGA is the process by which the logic resource (mainly logic gates and flip flops) are physically connected together using the routing resource. This makes it possible for electrical signals to travel between the logic components that implement all the combinatorial and sequential functonality of the design. The routing process is carried out automatically during the floorplan stage of design compliation, this step follows the design synthesis stage where the design usually described in an RTL description in HDL is converted into a netlist.

I am having trouble getting ModelSim up and running to support some HDL work that I have been doing. It is likely the result of operator error -- I used ModelSim for some Xilinx based projects a few years ago so I have some familiarity, but am brand new the the Altera/Quartus environment and am definitely rusty when it comes to the process so I appreciate your patience. For starters, I am getting an error when running ModelSim on a clean bladeRF project (hosted, 115KLE). After cloning, building, and opening the project in Quartus, I run the RTL Simulator and see the following log output once ModelSim launches: <div class="bbcode_container"><div class="bbcode_description">Code:</div><pre class="bbcode_code" style="max-height:calc(30 * 1.4rem + 2 * var(--bbcode-padding) + var(--h-scrollbar-allowance));">// other stuff # -- Compiling architecture hosted_bladerf of bladerf# ++ Error: (vcom-11) Could not find work.bladerf# ++ Error: ~/Documents/bladeRF/source/hdl/fpga/platforms/bladerf/vhdl/bladerf-hosted.vhd(27): VHDL Compiler exiting# ++ Error: ~/altera/13.1/modelsim_ase/linuxaloem/vcom failed.# Error in macro ./hosted_run_msim_rtl_vhdl.do line 68# ~/altera/13.1/modelsim_ase/linuxaloem/vcom failed.# while executing# "vcom -2008 -work work {~/Documents/bladeRF/source/hdl/fpga/platforms/bladerf/vhdl/bladerf-hosted.vhd}"ModelSim&gt;</pre></div>As I mentioned this is on a stock project, so I suspect it could be a configuration or path problem. I know the *_tb.vhd and *.vho files are spread out throughout the project tree, so is there a certain directory I should be in when doing this? Once I get up and running with these stock bladeRF testbenches I can apply that configuration to my own application. Please let me know if I can provide any additional information. Thanks! And I've been asked by a friends dad about what to get his son as a beginner electric. I've always thought Yamaha Pacificas (I read <a href="https://bestelectricguitars.reviews/best-electric-guitars-under-500/" target="_blank">article</a> about it) to be fairly consistent. Do you agree or got any other ideas? Thanks for any help given.

Not really my area <img src="https://designhelp.fedevel.com/core/images/smilies/frown.png" border="0" alt="" title="Frown" smilieid="11" class="inlineimg"> Can't help. Maybe someone else?

Hi @Giayniod, Is that file located on the given path? /Documents/bladeRF/source/hdl/fpga/platforms/bladerf/vhdl/bladerf-hosted.vhd,

Hello @Giayniod , For Model sim to work you need to Start with Change directory first and locate the directory where your Test bench file is kept in your computer. Then you go for creating library for simulation. Thank you.

I have been trying to install xillinx 14.7 but it keeps showing error but I have a project to submit in like 16 hours. So any online tool which can help me get my results asap I need it for my project about <a href="https://maybeloan.com/payday-loans/mi" target="_blank">online payday loans in MI</a>?

Hi, if you can be more specific on What you want to do? Get the simulation results, Create a test bench, Generate a bitsteam file... Or just a support in installing the xilinx software. Thank you.

Hello @robertferanec  , i have 8 schematics in my project and there is a lot of port in each one , when i create symbol sheet from every sheet   i get very complicate "Top_level"  !  So  have another methode  to do my project . i mean that i don't like to use Herarchical conception ,  can you help me with another methode ?

Have a look at our imx6rex project (you can download altium files from there): <a href="https://www.imx6rex.com/" target="_blank">https://www.imx6rex.com/</a>

Hello , i need some information for the BGA design in altium ! EP4CE30F23C8N i will use this ship for my card , i need some advices , schematic ... @robertferanec please it's so urgent ps ; it's my first design with FPGA

hello , can some one explain to me the regulators circuit please (page 1 ) <a href="https://www.hdl.co.jp/en/spc/ACM/acm-205/ACM205R1-SCH-C.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.hdl.co.jp/en/spc/ACM/acm...05R1-SCH-C.pdf</a>

@karimoviç start with a reference board. If you do not fully understand the reference board, only do as a few changes as you have to. I would recommend do not change regulators if you are not sure about them.

Thanks for response @robertferanec   , yes i'm starting do this  , but now i don't know how to fix the VCCIO  for each bank of my FPGA , They can work with 1.2 v , 2.5v ,1.8v , 3v and 3.3V  and can't know how to fix the right voltage supply value for each Bank :/  !

It depends what is connected to the specific bank - if a chip what is using 3v3 interface, you need to power that specific bank with 3v3, if you connect there a chip with 1.8V you will need to power the bank with 1.8V, etc

Hi, I designed a board with Artix7 and DDR3 RAM. For connections please see attached. Vivado gave an error and the error screenshot is also uploaded. Do u have any solution for this?

I have not tried DDR3 in FPGA, but I noticed CS in the group - is that correct?

Thank you. You are right about the priorities of pin assignment. I did the pin assignment according to what you showed " using mig generator".

<div class="bbcode_container"><div class="bbcode_quote"><div class="quote_container"><div class="bbcode_quote_container b-icon-fa b-icon-fa--24 fa-solid fa-quote-left"></div><div class="bbcode_postedby">Originally posted by MustafaE<a href="https://designhelp.fedevel.com/forum/schematic-and-pcb-design/vhdl-and-fpga/12424-ddr3-ram-fpga-connection#post12424" rel="nofollow" title="View Post" class="animate-scroll"></a></div><div class="message">Hi, I designed a board with Artix7 and DDR3 RAM. For connections please see attached. Vivado gave an error and the error screenshot is also uploaded. Do u have any solution for this?</div></div></div></div>Hi I m starting now to study DDR memory interface using FPGA. But I hope i can help you... It seems your problem is related to PINs assotiation for data/address group signals whitin the bank. You should select the correct bank for your device, ONLY using MIG to select and validate the pins assignment for data and address/control signals. Maybe you selected wrong bank (each bank has a different PHY to I/O signals) or you should separate data group in a bank and address/control group in another bank. Check it using MIG. It could be useful to have a look at a reference schematic, as Robert always says in his lessons <img src="https://designhelp.fedevel.com/core/images/smilies/wink.png" border="0" alt="" title="Wink" smilieid="4" class="inlineimg"> , for banks/groups selection in DDR interfacing: <a href="http://https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/boards_and_kits/vc709/ug887-vc709-eval-board-v7-fpga.pdf" target="_blank">http://https://www.xilinx.com/suppor...rd-v7-fpga.pdf</a> (on page 14) and maybe it could be usefull also to check another example of DDR pins assignment, here: <a href="https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/mig_7series/v4_2/ug586_7Series_MIS.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/ip_documentation/mig_7series/v4_2/ug586_7Series_MIS.pdf check " design guidelines"</a> on page 192 and "DDR3 pinouts Example" on page 213. I hope it can help you somehow Regards Rocco

Hi everyone I am trying to improve myself as a digital design engineer. First of all I see people who design systems with FPGAs. They generate cores using HDL, add ready to use cores from vendors, use softcore processors and finally come up with a full design. I still couldn't decide where to start. Should I learn VHDL or Verilog syntax; or digital design concepts such as memory usage, clock domain crossing, manipulating data; or wrapping up a total system. Any advice will be appreciated. Moreover if you suggest any resource to follow for a complete tutorial I will be really happy. Thanks

First off all congrats on making the very first post in CHDL and FPGA!!! secondly i think if you are really serious about this you should learn both.. because from what i have seen.. most Intel/Altera FPGA users use VHDL and most Xilinx users use Verilog.. but i think these days it doesn't matter much.. but i am not a code writer.. from what i can gather with verilog you have more control options than with VHDL.. with regards to your questions about design conecpts. and reading your other post.. I would suggest finding a job in R&amp;D! somewhere you can start at entry level and have people around you that can help you with these questions. there are a lot of recources out there. but i think if you want to tinker at home with this.. find a cheap development kit and start doing small things like "hello world" projects.. meaning a blinkig led.. reading out an IO.. and progressing from there.. it might help telling us a bit more from your background / age / experiences so far ..or where you are located in the world

I agree with @Paul van Avesaath. PS: Jordan Christman has many courses about FPGA on Udemy: <a href="https://www.udemy.com/user/jordanchristman/" target="_blank">https://www.udemy.com/user/jordanchristman/</a>

Thank you both @robertferanec  and @Paul van Avesaath !! I already have a job in R &amp; D and my job description started changing due to the projects in my company. I posted the question for this. I tried starting from beginning such as hello world and led blinking projects; but those look very simple. I mean if there is a book or video series which teaches how to implement design blocks and finish a project, that will give me really good inspiration. Maybe such course will pay off and you want to do that @robertferanec ?

the trick with VHDLand Verliog is that it is parallel thinking.. every clock cycle there is something happening.. yes you can create a state machine and go serial again.. but really getting the grasp of parrallel thinking is pretty hard.. just google around for tutorials.. also start thinking about projects for your self.. what do you think you can make.. and how would you make it.. you have to start at the beginning even it looks very simple.. but if you start at something too hard you will loose your energie too.. I dont know what company you work, but maybe you can spend one day a week with one of your senior collegues.. and see what you can learn from them.. there are plenty of books out there. also if you call a local FPGA vendor/supplier the will have courses aviable form time to time.. were are you from? there are loads of courses but maybe not near you...

I am from Turkey, I found lots of tutorials and courses. But I want to learn is as follows. What is BRAM and how do I use in FPGA; when should I use external RAM; what are the cons and pros of each; what is AXI streams and when to use it; when should I add a softcore processor to the system; what should I do if I want to export data via ethernet, USB or PCIExpress. At the beginning I want to learn these concepts.

ah now i get it, your trying to find an education. something like  a course. well ask you local vendors (find out who is supplying components to your company, ask them if they know or maybe host local events) I ussually get spammed with stuff like online course, come and visit the expo stuff like that..there are a lot of talks during expo's and you meet a lot of people in the industry.. ask on linked in if someone can suggest a good VHDL/VERILOG course.. but try and do it locally.. maybe there is a university or school that provides extra classes for external people..

B-RAM (Block ram) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqUuvwl4QJA" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqUuvwl4QJA</a> <div class="b-bbcode b-bbcode__url b-bbcode__url--preview"><a href="https://www.nandland.com/articles/block-ram-in-fpga.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="urlimg_container"><img class="js-img-fallback" src="https://nandland.com/articles/images/block-ram-cyclone-v-intel.png"></a><div class="urlinfo"><div class="title ellipsis"><a href="https://www.nandland.com/articles/block-ram-in-fpga.html" target="_blank">Lesson 15: What is a Block RAM (BRAM)?</a></div><div class="url ellipsis"><a href="https://www.nandland.com/articles/block-ram-in-fpga.html" target="_blank">https://www.nandland.com/articles/block-ram-in-fpga.html</a></div><div class="meta">What is a Block RAM (BRAM) in an FPGA? Tutorial for beginnersThey're used for FIFOs, Dual Port Memories, and More!Block RAMs (or BRAM) stands for Block Random Access Memory. Block RAMs are used for storing large amounts of data inside of your FPGA. They one of four commonly identified components on an FPGA datasheet. The</div></div></div> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqUuvwl4QJA" target="_blank">A</a>xi stream <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=axi+stream+interface" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=axi+stream+interface t</a>here are tons and tons of information on the web and on youtube (sorry to spam other channels @robertferanec ) i can understand where you are comming from (wanting to know this), but these questions are not something that is easy to explain because 99% is project dependend and are very advanced concepts to implement..

<div class="bbcode_container"><div class="bbcode_quote"><div class="quote_container"><div class="bbcode_quote_container b-icon-fa b-icon-fa--24 fa-solid fa-quote-left"></div>Maybe such course will pay off and you want to do that robertferanec ?</div></div></div>- I would love to, do not have time Source: <a href="https://www.terasic.com.tw/cgi-bin/page/archive.pl?Language=English&amp;CategoryNo=205&amp;No=1046&amp;PartNo=2" target="_blank">https://www.terasic.com.tw/cgi-bin/p...=1046&amp;PartNo=2</a>

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