<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/CTPb7etzOmA" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
The essential information about FCC and CE explained. Thank you very much Clemens Mayer.
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Why is this topic important?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">04:05</span><span class="chapters-text">Overview of the video</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:29</span><span class="chapters-text">What the FCC considers a module</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Difference between FCC and CE</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Where to find compliance documents and standards</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:11</span><span class="chapters-text">How to know which certification your product needs</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">33:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Lab report vs. Declaration of conformity</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Sub-assemblies</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Steps to EU compliance</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Self-certification</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">47:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Misuse of CE marking</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">51:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Costs</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">52:02</span><span class="chapters-text">How to obtain CE marking</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">57:07</span><span class="chapters-text">Pre-compliance testing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:00:56</span><span class="chapters-text">When does a module make sense?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Compliance is more than RED and EMC</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:14:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Own pre-compliance setup</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:17:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Arduino compatible Devkit with ESP32</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:30:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Bluetooth connected action camera</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:34:46</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Long range Wifi Door Alarm</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:37:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Example: Dancing Robot Kit</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:45:21</span><span class="chapters-text">How to figure it out for your product</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:49:04</span><span class="chapters-text">Who can help with certification</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:56:03</span><span class="chapters-text">How Smander can help</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:00:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Outro</span></li>
    </div>


    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mayermakes/">Clemens´ LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://smander.com/">Clemens´ company</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://early.smander.com/individual-consultation-session/">Consultation</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/product-requirements/labels-markings/ce-marking/">CE marking</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf1XeGQZQfP1SK2IIJJ2RDUrI0G2zy0QehDHxjHA2EUdNwUlQ/viewform">FEDEVEL Community Membership</a></li>
            
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://discord.com/invite/8a8dUcHmrx">Ask questions on our FEDEVEL Discord</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

Everyone designing PCB boards needs to watch this - Certification ( FCC & CE )

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/haal5n355PQ" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
Explaining process of making chips. Thank you very much Heather Richardson.
    </div>


    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">01:37</span><span class="chapters-text">Silicon and wafers</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">05:09</span><span class="chapters-text">The process</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:59</span><span class="chapters-text">Doping</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:06</span><span class="chapters-text">Making an inverter</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Gate oxide</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">17:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Source and drain regions</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">18:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Why analog chips are harder to build</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:16</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting transistors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">32:14</span><span class="chapters-text">PDK - Process Design Kit</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">38:39</span><span class="chapters-text">Steps of designing chip</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:38</span><span class="chapters-text">Parameterized cells</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">48:24</span><span class="chapters-text">How long does chip manufacturing take</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">55:11</span><span class="chapters-text">How much does it cost</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:04:26</span><span class="chapters-text">Foundries (Factories manufacturing chips)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:07:52</span><span class="chapters-text">Reticle</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:13:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Capacitors and resistors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:18:56</span><span class="chapters-text">US and global IC manufacturing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:23:28</span><span class="chapters-text">Why is it expensive to build and run chip factory</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:28:38</span><span class="chapters-text">About Heather</span></li>
    </div>


    
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/heather-electric/">Heather's LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf1XeGQZQfP1SK2IIJJ2RDUrI0G2zy0QehDHxjHA2EUdNwUlQ/viewform">FEDEVEL Community Membership</a></li>
            
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://discord.com/invite/8a8dUcHmrx">Ask questions on our FEDEVEL Discord</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How Are Chips Manufactured?

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SMmTsU6edVQ" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
This video explains how to calculate and choose output capacitor for switching power supplies. Thank you very much Ali Shirsavar.
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">What is this video about</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:22</span><span class="chapters-text">Why do we need output capacitor?</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">06:03</span><span class="chapters-text">Measurement: Voltage dip and ripple on output voltage</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">08:23</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating capacitor value to meet voltage dip requirement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">13:58</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating ceramic capacitor value to meet ripple requirements</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">22:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring ripple on ceramic capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">28:30</span><span class="chapters-text">Measuring ripple on electrolytic capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">31:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Calculating maximum ESR of electrolytic capacitor to meet ripple requirements</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:51</span><span class="chapters-text">Finding the right capacitor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">43:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Capacitance of ceramic capacitor drops with DC voltage (DC Bias)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">45:12</span><span class="chapters-text">Ali's software</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">46:40</span><span class="chapters-text">About Ali</span></li>
    </div>

    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ali-shirsavar-661696b/">Ali´s LinkedIn</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://biricha.com/workshops/">Ali´s company and workshops</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL Online courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

How to Calculate the Output Capacitor for a Switching Power Supply? It's simple. Explained here...

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Tt8X6_maj6c" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        When capacitor is an inductor …
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/5Ca0Eah7eKI">Part 1: PCB Layout & Decoupling - Explained why it´s so complicated</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/Tt8X6_maj6c">Part 2: PCB Layout & Decoupling - Understanding Impedance</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/hZSOhVdzqZk">Part 3: PCB Layout & Decoupling - Measuring and Fixing</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikihow.com/Calculate-Impedance">Calculating Impedance Webpage</a></li>
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://youtu.be/YLGrugmDvc0">Series Resonance in RLC Circuit</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


PCB Layout & Decoupling – Understanding Impedance (Part 2)

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C7-8nUU6e3E" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        Entire step-by-step PCB design process going through the schematic, layout, and routing of a 'barebones' STM32F4-based PCB including USB and a buck converter in KiCAD. All the way from schematic creation, through to four-layer PCB layout and routing, as well as sending it off for manufacture and assembly via JLCPCB.<br><br>

This is an update from the original 'KiCad STM32 Hardware Design' video, including some additional tips and tricks, as well as a show of various assembled boards made by JLCPCB. Hopefully with much improved audio quality!
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-chapters">
        <div>
            Chapters:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Introduction</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Topics covered</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:31</span><span class="chapters-text">JLCPCB assembly showcase</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">00:58</span><span class="chapters-text">Parts used in design (JLCPB parts library)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">03:28</span><span class="chapters-text">STM32 pin assignment in STM32CubeMX</span></li>
        </ul>
        <div>
            Chapters schematic:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">09:43</span><span class="chapters-text">KiCad project and schematic</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:06</span><span class="chapters-text">Schematic page settings</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">10:53</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding STM32F405 to schematic</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">12:10</span><span class="chapters-text">STM32 power pins</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:14</span><span class="chapters-text">Labelling pins/global labels</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">14:57</span><span class="chapters-text">VCAP pins</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">16:37</span><span class="chapters-text">NRST and BOOT0 pins, Bootmodes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">20:24</span><span class="chapters-text">Transferring assignments from CubeMX to KiCad</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">23:58</span><span class="chapters-text">'No connect' flags</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">24:48</span><span class="chapters-text">Decoupling capacitors</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">26:10</span><span class="chapters-text">VDDA pin decoupling</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">27:54</span><span class="chapters-text">Crystal circuitry (HSE)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">37:15</span><span class="chapters-text">LED and current limiting resistor</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">39:26</span><span class="chapters-text">Buck converter circuitry (+ fusing, reverse polarity protection)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">56:15</span><span class="chapters-text">Connectors (SWD, I2C, UART)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:02:40</span><span class="chapters-text">USB</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:11:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Electrical rules checker (ERC)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:12:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Mounting holes</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:13:45</span><span class="chapters-text">Assigning footprints to symbols</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:24:36</span><span class="chapters-text">Generating the netlist</span></li>
        </ul>
        <div>
            Chapters layout:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:24:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Choosing the number of PCB layers</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:26:11</span><span class="chapters-text">Design rules</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:27:26</span><span class="chapters-text">Rough layout (section by section)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:35:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Improving the layout, finer details</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:53:17</span><span class="chapters-text">Mounting hole placement</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:55:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Board outline and rounded corners</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">1:57:40</span><span class="chapters-text">Rearranging connectors</span></li>
        </ul>
        <div>
            Chapters routing:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:00:19</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding track widths</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:00:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Power and ground planes (copper pours)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:03:10</span><span class="chapters-text">STM32 routing (critical items first)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:04:41</span><span class="chapters-text">Tombstoning</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:05:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Track spacing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:08:49</span><span class="chapters-text">Buck converter routing</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:10:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Track width calculator</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:12:39</span><span class="chapters-text">USB controlled impedance differential traces</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:13:08</span><span class="chapters-text">JLCPCB impedance calculator</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:16:09</span><span class="chapters-text">Connecting GND and 3V3 (with vias to internal copper pours)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:28:00</span><span class="chapters-text">Design rules check (DRC)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:28:50</span><span class="chapters-text">Silkscreen (labelling, pin 1 indication, polarity indication)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:36:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Importing custom graphics as silkscreen</span></li>
        </ul>
        <div>
            Chapters manufacturing and assembly:
        </div>
        <ul class="chapters-list">
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:36:55</span><span class="chapters-text">Hiding JLCPCB order number</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:37:42</span><span class="chapters-text">Adding tooling holes for assembly</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:39:10</span><span class="chapters-text">Generating Gerber and drill files</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:40:27</span><span class="chapters-text">Footprint position file</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:41:34</span><span class="chapters-text">Bill of materials (BOM) and assigning part numbers (LCSC)</span></li>
            <li class="chapters-list-item"><span class="chapters-time">2:44:32</span><span class="chapters-text">Ordering PCBs via JLCPCB with assembly</span></li>
        </ul>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/pms67/STM32F4-Reference-PCB">Github - pms67/STM32F4-Reference-PCB</a></li>

            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://fedevel.com/courses">FEDEVEL courses</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>  
</div>

KiCad STM32 + USB + Buck Converter PCB Design and JLCPCB Assembly (Update) - Phil's Lab #11

<div class="entry-content">
    <div class="jetpack-video-wrapper"><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4nEd1jTTIUQ" class="youtube-player" width="740" height="416.418" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></span>
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content">
        I always wanted to see if for higher frequencies currents really flow under signals. And, here it is …
    </div>
    <div class="blog-content-links">
        <div>
            Links:
        </div>
        <ul class="links-list">
            <li class="links-list-item"><a href="https://github.com/FEDEVEL/youtube-current-return-path">Download Altium & Simulation files</a></li>
        </ul>
    </div>   
</div>


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Does Return Current Flow Under Signals? Watch these examples …

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Everyone designing PCB boards needs to watch this - Certification ( FCC & CE )

How Are Chips Manufactured?

How to Calculate the Output Capacitor for a Switching Power Supply? It's simple. Explained here...

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